The following discussion illustrates a project that is well suited to the capabilities of an independent consultant in the Umbrex Private Equity Practice. This is an illustrative example. Umbrex consultants adapt their methodology, timeline, and deliverables to the specific needs of each client.
1) Client Situation
The client operated across a multi-product private equity platform and required support with SG&A Optimization And Operating Model Redesign in the context of Private Equity. Stakeholders included Mega/Large-Cap Private Equity Buyout Firms executing carve-outs and public-to-privates at pace; Mid-Market & Lower Mid-Market Private Equity Sponsors institutionalizing their first shared services and outsourcing theses; Growth Equity Investors (Private Equity) prioritizing scalable G&A with lean headcount; Private Equity Operating Partners & Value Creation Teams standardizing benefits realization and PMO cadence; and PE-Owned Portfolio Companies preparing to execute sponsor-mandated SG&A reductions without degrading service or growth.
- Fragmented operating model and unclear decision rights
- Duplicative activities across finance, HR, IT, procurement, and customer service; RACI gaps led to slow decisions and rework. Spans-and-layers skewed toward narrow spans and heavy middle management.
- Limited cost visibility and accountability
- Cost centers aggregated heterogeneous activities; no time-driven ABC or activity-based costing; shadow IT and discretionary spend obscured unit economics (e.g., cost per invoice, cost per ticket, cost per hire).
- Manual processes and inconsistent service levels
- Close-to-report cycles long (8–12 days); AP/AR exception rates high; HR onboarding slow; IT incidents routed via email. SLA/OLA definitions inconsistent; no service catalog or chargeback/showback.
- Vendor and SaaS sprawl
- Overlapping licenses for collaboration, analytics, and HR tech; limited FinOps discipline; contract auto-renewals with CPI escalators; low utilization and weak compliance.
- Carve-out and TSA headwinds
- Inherited TSAs masked true run-rate costs; stranded cost removal under-scoped; interim solutions created semi-recurring “one-time” spend; ITSM and GBS capabilities not stood up.
- Under-optimized shared services and outsourcing
- Activities suitable for GBS/BPO (AP, T&E audit, payroll, L1 IT, data entry) remained distributed; robotics and workflow tools underused; GenAI copilots not piloted for intake or knowledge retrieval.
- Change fatigue and low engagement
- Prior restructurings reduced headcount without redesigning work; role ambiguity and duplicated approvals persisted; voluntary attrition rose in critical roles.
- Underperforming KPIs
- SG&A as % of revenue above peer quartile; finance cost per $1k revenue elevated; days to close >7; first-contact resolution below 60%; average span of control 1:3–1:4; vendor renewals executed late; SLA attainment <85% in HR/IT; rework rates high across core processes.
2) Project Objective
The primary objective focused on applying zero-based budgeting, spans-and-layers, shared services, and outsourcing theses to reduce SG&A—redesigning the operating model to clarify decision rights and improve speed and accountability—while protecting growth and compliance.
Secondary objectives included:
- Standing up a finance-approved cost baseline with activity drivers and time-driven ABC to target unit-cost improvements.
- Designing a pragmatic shared services (GBS) model and sourcing strategy (retain/automate/standardize/outsource/offshore) with risk-managed transitions.
- Implementing service catalogs, SLAs/OLAs, and chargeback/showback to institutionalize accountability and performance.
- Rebalancing spans-and-layers, eliminating duplications, and codifying decision rights via RACIs and policy simplification.
- Deploying automation (workflow/RPA/GenAI copilots) for targeted processes (AP, cash app, HR case management, IT L1) with measurable cycle-time and quality gains.
- Rationalizing vendors and SaaS with FinOps guardrails and utilization-based licensing; renegotiating terms and consolidating platforms.
- Sequencing changes in 30/60/90-day sprints aligned to TSA exits, quarter-end, and workforce constraints; embedding a light PMO and benefits tracking with GL tie-outs.
3) Methodology and Approach
Workstream 1: Baseline, Cost Transparency, and Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB)
We created a driver-based view of SG&A and the case for change.
- Activities we conducted:
- Reconciled 24–36 months of SG&A to the GL; mapped spend to functions, vendors, and activities; built time-driven ABC for high-volume processes (AP, AR, payroll, IT tickets, HR cases).
- Benchmarked unit costs vs. peers (cost per invoice, cost per ticket, cost per hire, cost per $1k revenue) and identified variance sources (volume, mix, price, productivity).
- Facilitated ZBB sessions to challenge “blank-sheet” spend by activity, service level, and compliance risk; established glidepath targets by function and unit-cost metrics.
- Tools/frameworks used: cost cube and ABC model, ZBB playbook, benchmark pack, GL tie-out and benefits realization policy.
- Stakeholders involved: CFO/Controller, FP&A, functional finance, process owners.
Workstream 2: Spans-and-Layers and Decision Rights Redesign
We simplified structure and clarified accountability.
- Activities we conducted:
- Assessed spans (manager-to-staff) and layers; identified bottlenecks and duplicated approvals; ran organization modeling scenarios to set target spans (e.g., 1:6–1:8 in transactional teams) and reduce layers.
- Defined decision-rights framework and RACIs for core processes (procure-to-pay, order-to-cash, record-to-report, hire-to-retire, incident-to-resolution); removed redundant approvals; codified policy simplifications.
- Aligned role profiles, KPIs, OKRs, and performance management to the new design; prepared change impact maps and communications.
- Tools/frameworks used: spans-and-layers diagnostic, RACI matrices, approval workflow redesign, OKR templates.
- Stakeholders involved: CEO/COO, HR/Talent, functional leaders, legal/compliance.
Workstream 3: Shared Services (GBS) and Sourcing Strategy
We consolidated and standardized where scale mattered.
- Activities we conducted:
- Defined GBS scope across finance, HR, IT, procurement, and customer service; created service catalogs and tiered support models; wrote SLAs/OLAs and intake channels.
- Built a sourcing strategy: retain vs. automate vs. outsource/offshore; issued RFIs/RFPs to BPO partners where appropriate; analyzed business cases (TCO, transition costs, service risk) and selected sourcing mix.
- Designed target-state processes and performance dashboards; established governance (service reviews, penalties/credits, continuous improvement cadence).
- Tools/frameworks used: GBS blueprint, service catalog, SLA/OLA library, sourcing decision tree, partner selection scorecards.
- Stakeholders involved: GBS lead/PMO, functional heads, procurement, legal, vendor management.
Workstream 4: Process Excellence and Automation (Workflow/RPA/GenAI)
We removed waste and digitized the high-friction steps.
- Activities we conducted:
- Performed process mining/Lean assessments for AP, cash application, reconciliations, HR case management, IT L1; removed non-value steps; codified standard work.
- Implemented workflow (case management) and targeted RPA (invoice capture/matching, bank statement reconciliation, user provisioning); piloted GenAI copilots for knowledge retrieval and ticket deflection with guardrails.
- Established automation COE governance (pipeline, controls, rollback plans); measured cycle-time, FCR, and error-rate improvements.
- Tools/frameworks used: process mining maps, Lean kaizen toolkits, automation pipeline and benefit tracker, GenAI risk/guardrail framework.
- Stakeholders involved: process owners, IT/digital, GRC/security, internal audit.
Workstream 5: Vendor and SaaS Rationalization with FinOps
We aligned spend to usage and simplified the stack.
- Activities we conducted:
- Built a vendor/SaaS spend cube (category, owner, utilization, renewals); identified overlaps and underutilized licenses; negotiated consolidations and utilization-based pricing.
- Instituted FinOps: tagging, budgets, showback/chargeback, reserved capacity rightsizing; created renewal calendars and playbooks; embedded security/DPAs and termination rights.
- Defined platform standards (collaboration, analytics, HRIS/ATS, ITSM) and deprecation paths for shadow tools.
- Tools/frameworks used: vendor rationalization matrix, SaaS utilization dashboards, renewal playbooks, FinOps cockpit.
- Stakeholders involved: CIO/IT procurement, finance, security/compliance, functional owners.
Workstream 6: Finance Transformation—Close, Controls, and Insight
We improved the speed and quality of financial operations.
- Activities we conducted:
- Redesigned record-to-report with a day-by-day close calendar, blacklines, and automated reconciliations; targeted a shorter close and fewer manual journals.
- Harmonized chart of accounts and reporting; standardized policies (capitalization, accruals, FX) and control narratives; deployed analytics for variance and working capital visibility.
- Stood up a benefits realization policy and GL tie-out routines to evidence cost reductions and unit improvements for lender/board reporting.
- Tools/frameworks used: close calendar and checklists, reconciliation automation, policy library, benefits sign-off workflow.
- Stakeholders involved: CFO/Controller, FP&A, internal audit, data/BI.
Workstream 7: People, Change, and Capability Building
We ensured adoption and sustained performance.
- Activities we conducted:
- Developed a change narrative and leadership behaviors; ran role-based training (GBS intake, SLA management, ZBB ownership, automation ops); created a community of practice.
- Aligned incentives (MBOs/OKRs) to unit-cost and SLA KPIs (e.g., cost per ticket, close cycle time, FCR); created talent plans for critical roles; drafted retention and succession strategies.
- Established a cadence of WBR/MBR/QBR with KPI scorecards and corrective action plans; integrated employee engagement and pulse checks.
- Tools/frameworks used: change plan, training curriculum, incentive alignment guide, KPI scorecards, engagement survey.
- Stakeholders involved: HR/Talent, functional leaders, PMO, communications.
Workstream 8: Roadmap, PMO, and Benefits Tracking
We sequenced sprints and tracked EBITDA/cash with audit-ready evidence.
- Activities we conducted:
- Built a 30/60/90-day roadmap with TSA/quarter-end guardrails; created milestone plans and RAID registers; launched quick wins while designing structural changes.
- Published dashboards linking leading indicators to SG&A savings and cash; set finance sign-offs and evidence repositories; mapped impacts to covenant headroom where relevant.
- Prepared board/lender packs with bridges, KPI trends, initiative RAGs, and risk mitigation narratives.
- Tools/frameworks used: PMO playbook, RAID logs, KPI dictionary and semantic model, benefits realization tracker, board/lender templates.
- Stakeholders involved: COO/PMO, CFO/FP&A, functional owners, operating partners.
4) Data Request
We requested datasets and artifacts required to execute the diagnostic and design the operating model. Typical horizons were 24–36 months of history and the current budget/forecast.
- Financial and cost data:
- GL/COA with SG&A detail by function and cost element; vendor spend (12–24 months) with invoices; headcount, fully loaded costs, overtime, contractors; allocation policies.
- Operational process data:
- AP/AR volumes, exceptions, cycle times; close calendar and journal entries; HR case volumes, time-to-fill and onboarding timelines; IT tickets by category with SLAs and FCR.
- Organization and policy:
- Org charts, spans and layers; approval matrices, policy manuals (procurement, T&E, capitalization); RACIs; job descriptions; performance management framework.
- Vendor/SaaS and infrastructure:
- Contract repository (terms, renewals, CPI clauses), utilization metrics, license allocations; cloud usage/cost with tags; security/DPAs and audit reports.
- GBS/outsourcing:
- Current shared services scope (if any), SLAs/OLAs, service catalogs, intake channels; prior assessments; SSAE/SOC reports from service providers.
- Automation and tooling:
- Workflow/RPA estate; process mining outputs; integration landscapes; automation ROI logs; exception management reports.
- Benefits and governance:
- Prior cost-out initiatives, realized/claimed savings with evidence; board/lender reporting packages; PMO cadences and templates.
Common data pitfalls included incomplete invoice-level detail, vendors coded to misc/overhead, inconsistent cost element mapping, missing utilization data for SaaS, undocumented approval workflows, and lack of time-in-process metrics. We established a cost dictionary, vendor taxonomy, and activity mapping before sizing levers.
5) Questions for Client
- What SG&A and unit-cost targets (as % of revenue and per-unit) are required by the investment case and covenants in year 1–2?
- Which functions are non-negotiable to protect growth and compliance (e.g., quality, regulatory, security), and where is service level flexibility acceptable?
- What decision-rights changes are essential to improve speed; which approvals can be eliminated without risk?
- Which processes are in-scope for GBS and which for outsourcing/offshoring; what risk appetite and vendor preferences apply?
- Where will automation (workflow/RPA/GenAI) be piloted in 60–90 days; what controls must be in place?
- What vendor/SaaS contracts are on the near-term renewal calendar; what consolidation or renegotiation levers are available?
- What TSA constraints, quarter-end close windows, or union/works council processes shape sequencing?
- How will finance recognize benefits (baseline/counterfactual, GL tie-out), and what cadence and evidence do lenders/boards require?
- Which KPIs should be reviewed weekly (cycle time, FCR, cost per unit, days to close, SLA attainment) and what thresholds trigger escalation?
- What change and capability investments (training, analytics, PMO) are funded to sustain the new operating model?
6) Interview Guide for Subject Matter Experts
CFO / Controller / FP&A
- Where do SG&A costs concentrate without clear drivers; what unit-cost metrics are most actionable?
- What are the biggest sources of rework in close, AP/AR, and reporting; where can policy simplification reduce manual steps?
- How will we enforce benefits realization governance and GL tie-outs?
- What cycle-time and accuracy targets are acceptable for close, AP, and AR?
- Which analytics are needed for ongoing visibility (variance, working capital, unit-cost dashboards)?
HR / Talent / Organizational Design
- Which spans-and-layers changes are feasible; where are managerial bottlenecks or duplication?
- What capability gaps exist for GBS, SLA management, and automation; what training is required?
- How should incentives and performance management align to unit-cost and SLA outcomes?
- What change impacts and communications are critical to maintain engagement?
- Where are union/works council constraints that influence sequencing?
CIO / IT Operations / Security
- Which ITSM processes and tooling support shared services; what is the current FCR and SLA adherence?
- What SaaS and infrastructure rationalization opportunities exist; how will FinOps operate?
- Where can workflow/RPA/GenAI be safely piloted; what controls/guardrails are necessary?
- How will we retire redundant tools and enforce standards?
- What cyber/compliance requirements must be preserved during transitions?
Procurement / Vendor Management
- Where do category strategies and should‑cost opportunities exist; what supplier risks must be mitigated?
- How will SRM cadence and compliance be implemented; what KPIs and penalties/credits apply?
- Which SaaS and services contracts can be consolidated or renegotiated in the next 90 days?
- What governance governs maverick spend and approvals?
- Where can offshoring/BPO provide value without disrupting service?
GBS / Shared Services Lead (or candidate)
- Which processes should be Tier 0/1/2; what service catalog and SLAs are realistic?
- How will intake, routing, and knowledge management work; what tools are required?
- What staffing model (hub/nearshore/offshore) aligns to volume and complexity?
- How will chargeback/showback and OLAs enforce accountability?
- What transition and stabilization risks must be mitigated?
Functional Heads (Finance Ops, HR Ops, IT Ops, Customer Service)
- What pain points and defect types dominate; where have improvement attempts stalled?
- Which approvals can be eliminated; where is automation most welcomed by teams?
- What service level is truly required by the business; where can we tier offerings?
- What upstream/downstream dependencies shape sequencing?
- What metrics and routines will keep improvements “sticky” after launch?
7) Timeline
We executed a 12–14 week plan tailored to SG&A Optimization & Operating Model Redesign within Portfolio Operations.
- Weeks 1–2: Mobilize & Baseline
- Collected financials and process data; reconciled to GL; built cost cube and ABC; set ZBB/benefits policies; confirmed targets and guardrails.
- Decision Gate A: Approved baselines, unit-cost metrics, and scope of functions for redesign.
- Weeks 3–4: Diagnostic & Design Principles
- Completed spans-and-layers diagnostic; mapped RACIs and approval flows; identified automation candidates; drafted GBS/sourcing principles and service catalog outline.
- Decision Gate B: Ratified design principles and target-state outcomes; prioritized quick wins.
- Weeks 5–6: Target Operating Model & Sourcing
- Designed GBS and functional org options; built sourcing scenarios (retain/automate/outsource/offshore); issued RFPs where applicable; modeled TCO and risk.
- Decision Gate C: Selected target org and sourcing mix; approved transition roadmap.
- Weeks 7–8: Process Redesign & Automation Pilots
- Redesigned priority processes; launched workflow/RPA pilots; codified SLAs/OLAs; finalized service catalog; established FinOps and vendor standards.
- Decision Gate D: Cleared pilots and SLA framework; approved tool rationalization and renewal strategy.
- Weeks 9–10: Transition Planning & PMO Setup
- Sequenced 30/60/90-day sprints; created RAID and staffing plans; set benefits tracking with GL tie-outs; prepared communications and training.
- Decision Gate E: Go/No-Go for wave-1 transitions and automation rollout.
- Weeks 11–12: Launch & Stabilize
- Executed wave-1 transitions (GBS intake, SLA go-live, vendor renewals); ran daily/weekly war rooms; published KPIs and benefits; captured lessons learned.
- Decision Gate F: Validated stabilization criteria; scheduled wave-2 and policy refresh.
- Weeks 13–14 (optional): Scale & Optimize
- Expanded automation; consolidated additional vendors; tuned spans/layers; refined SLAs and chargeback; updated board/lender packs.
Critical path items included finance-approved baselines and unit-cost metrics, spans-and-layers decisions, GBS/sourcing selections, SLA/OLA consensus, automation guardrails, vendor renewal timing, and PMO/benefits tracking enablement.
8) Deliverables
- SG&A Diagnostic & Cost Cube
- GL-reconciled cost model by function, vendor, and activity; unit-cost benchmarks; ZBB targets and glidepaths; variance analysis and drivers.
- Target Operating Model (TOM) & Organization Design
- GBS blueprint, org charts, spans-and-layers redesign, RACIs, decision-rights framework, and policy simplifications.
- Sourcing Strategy & Business Cases
- Retain/automate/outsource/offshore analysis; RFP results; TCO and risk models; transition plans and SLAs with providers.
- Service Catalog, SLAs/OLAs & Chargeback
- Tiered service definitions, intake channels, SLAs/OLAs, KPIs, and chargeback/showback models.
- Process Redesign & Automation Playbooks
- Future-state process maps, workflow specifications, RPA designs, GenAI pilot guardrails, and control narratives.
- Vendor & SaaS Rationalization Pack
- Spend cube, consolidation roadmap, FinOps dashboards, renewal calendar, negotiation playbooks, and security/DPAs.
- Finance Transformation Toolkit
- Close calendar, reconciliation automation, policy library, reporting templates, and benefits realization/GL tie-out SOP.
- Change & Capability Kit
- Change narrative, training curriculum, communications calendar, leadership behaviors, and incentive alignment guide.
- PMO & Benefits Tracking Dashboard
- KPI dictionary and semantic layer, initiative dashboards, RAID/decision logs, executive scorecards, and board/lender reporting templates.
- 30/60/90-Day Roadmap & Risk Register
- Sequenced sprints, staffing plan, milestones, dependencies, mitigation playbooks, and stabilization criteria.
9) Industry Insights
- GBS and outsourcing work when the operating model is clear
- Service catalogs, SLAs/OLAs, and chargeback create accountability; without them, shared services become another layer, not a solution.
- Spans-and-layers changes must be paired with decision-rights
- Flattening without simplifying approvals and policies moves work sideways; RACIs and standard work unlock speed and accountability.
- Automation scales when governance precedes tooling
- Workflow and RPA deliver ROI with a pipeline, controls, and rollback plans; GenAI copilots require explicit guardrails and knowledge management.
- FinOps is the antidote to SaaS sprawl
- Utilization telemetry, renewal discipline, and platform standards reduce cost while improving security and user experience.
- Evidence converts cost-out to credible underwriting
- Benefits policies, unit-cost metrics, and GL tie-outs shift dialogues with boards and lenders from aspiration to execution progress.
- Carve-outs demand TSA and stranded cost realism
- Interim solutions become semi-recurring costs without time-boxed exits and minimum viable org/license floors; sequence exits around quarter-end and staffing capacity.
- What “good” looks like
- A reconciled SG&A baseline and unit-cost view; a leaner org with clarified decision rights; a functioning GBS with SLAs/OLAs; an automation runway; rationalized vendors with FinOps; faster close and service cycles; and a PMO with finance-signed benefits that align to the investment case.
- Near-term watch points
- Renewal cliffs and CPI escalators, change fatigue, labor availability in shared services locations, shadow IT re-emerging, and controls drift during transitions. Quarterly governance and KPI reviews sustain momentum and compliance.
Implications for clients we served included enabling Mega/Large-Cap Private Equity Buyout Firms to deliver rapid SG&A improvements with lender-ready evidence; supporting Mid-Market & Lower Mid-Market Private Equity Sponsors to institutionalize GBS and sourcing models quickly; equipping Growth Equity Investors (Private Equity) with scalable administrative foundations; guiding Private Equity Operating Partners & Value Creation Teams to standardize benefits realization and PMO cadence; and providing PE-Owned Portfolio Companies clear service levels, decision rights, and capability-building that sustain speed and accountability.