This glossary explains clinical, operational, regulatory, quality, and reimbursement acronyms used by organizations across Healthcare. It helps executives, clinicians, operators, and advisors working in the Behavioral Health Provider Practice interpret terminology spanning mental health, substance use treatment, crisis services, accreditation, and measurement-based care.
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| 42 CFR Part 2 | Title 42 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 2: Federal rules governing the confidentiality of substance use disorder patient records. They impose protections beyond general health privacy requirements and affect consent, disclosure, record segmentation, and information exchange. |
| 988 | Suicide & Crisis Lifeline: The United States’ three-digit access point for suicide prevention, mental health crisis, and substance use crisis support. Provider organizations coordinate with the lifeline and local crisis systems for assessment, mobile response, and stabilization referrals. |
| A | |
| ABA | Applied Behavior Analysis: A discipline that uses behavioral principles and systematic measurement to improve socially significant skills and reduce harmful or disruptive behavior, particularly in autism and developmental-disability services. |
| ABLLS-R | Assessment of Basic Language and Learning Skills–Revised: A criterion-referenced assessment and curriculum guide used to evaluate language, learning, self-help, and motor skills in children with autism or related developmental needs. |
| ABPN | American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology: The physician specialty board that certifies psychiatrists and neurologists and administers relevant subspecialty certifications. Its credentials are important in medical-staffing, payer-panel, and clinical-governance decisions. |
| ABPP | American Board of Professional Psychology: An organization that awards board certification in recognized psychology specialties. Certification helps demonstrate advanced competence in areas such as clinical, forensic, child, and neuropsychology. |
| ACE | Adverse Childhood Experience: A potentially traumatic childhood event or environment associated with increased risk of later mental illness, substance use, and physical health problems. Screening and trauma-informed care often consider cumulative exposure. |
| ACT | Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: A psychotherapy that builds psychological flexibility through acceptance, mindfulness, values clarification, and committed action. It is used across anxiety, depression, trauma, pain, and substance use treatment. |
| ACT | Assertive Community Treatment: An intensive, multidisciplinary, team-based service model for people with serious mental illness who have high support needs. Services are delivered primarily in community settings and emphasize outreach, continuity, and reduced hospitalization. |
| ADC | Average Daily Census: The average number of clients occupying beds or participating in a program each day during a defined period. It is a core capacity, staffing, utilization, and revenue-planning metric for residential and facility-based services. |
| ADHD | Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity that impairs functioning. Diagnosis commonly requires multi-setting assessment and evaluation for comorbid conditions. |
| ADI-R | Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised: A structured caregiver interview used by trained clinicians to assess developmental history and behaviors associated with autism. It is commonly combined with observation and other diagnostic evidence. |
| ADL | Activity of Daily Living: A basic self-care task such as bathing, dressing, eating, toileting, or mobility. Functional assessment helps determine support needs, treatment goals, service intensity, and readiness for independent living. |
| ADOS-2 | Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition: A standardized, activity-based assessment of communication, social interaction, play, and restricted or repetitive behavior. Trained clinicians use it as one component of a comprehensive autism evaluation. |
| AFLS | Assessment of Functional Living Skills: An assessment system used to measure practical skills needed for home, school, community, vocational, and independent living. Results support individualized programming in applied behavior analysis and developmental services. |
| AIMS | Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale: A clinician-rated tool for detecting and monitoring involuntary movements, including tardive dyskinesia, in patients receiving antipsychotic medication. Routine use supports medication safety and treatment decisions. |
| ALOS | Average Length of Stay: The average duration of an episode in an inpatient, residential, crisis, or other time-limited program. Leaders use it to evaluate throughput, clinical complexity, discharge barriers, capacity, and economics. |
| AMA | Against Medical Advice: A designation traditionally used when a patient leaves treatment contrary to the clinical team’s recommendation. Such departures require careful capacity assessment, risk documentation, safety planning, and follow-up efforts. |
| AMM | Antidepressant Medication Management: A quality measure assessing whether adults diagnosed with major depression remain on antidepressant medication during acute and continuation treatment phases. Performance can influence payer contracts and care-management priorities. |
| AN | Anorexia Nervosa: An eating disorder involving restricted energy intake, significantly low body weight, fear of weight gain, and disturbance in body-weight experience. Treatment may require coordinated psychiatric, medical, nutritional, and family services. |
| ANSA | Adult Needs and Strengths Assessment: A structured decision-support tool for identifying adult behavioral health needs, risks, functioning, caregiver resources, and strengths. Agencies use it for care planning, level-of-care decisions, and outcomes management. |
| APA | American Psychiatric Association: The professional medical association for psychiatrists and publisher of major diagnostic and practice resources. Its guidance influences diagnosis, documentation, education, and psychiatric standards of care. |
| APA | American Psychological Association: The principal United States professional and scientific association for psychology. Its ethics code, clinical guidance, accreditation activities, and publications are widely used by psychologists and provider organizations. |
| ARFID | Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: An eating disorder involving inadequate intake because of sensory sensitivity, low interest in eating, or fear of adverse consequences rather than body-image concerns. Care often requires behavioral, nutritional, and medical coordination. |
| ASAM | American Society of Addiction Medicine: A professional medical society whose criteria provide a widely used framework for assessing addiction-treatment needs and matching patients to levels of care. Payers, regulators, and providers frequently incorporate the criteria into authorization and placement decisions. |
| ASD | Autism Spectrum Disorder: A neurodevelopmental disorder involving persistent social-communication differences and restricted or repetitive behaviors. Service plans may include behavioral intervention, psychotherapy, caregiver training, medication management, and coordinated developmental supports. |
| AUD | Alcohol Use Disorder: A clinical disorder involving impaired control over alcohol use, continued use despite harm, and related functional impairment. Severity and withdrawal risk guide treatment setting, medication options, and recovery supports. |
| AUDIT | Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: A ten-item World Health Organization screening instrument for hazardous drinking, harmful use, and possible dependence. It supports early identification and decisions about brief intervention or comprehensive assessment. |
| AUDIT-C | Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test–Consumption: A three-item alcohol screening tool derived from the full instrument. It provides a rapid way to identify patients who may need additional assessment or intervention. |
| AWOL | Absent Without Leave: A term used in some inpatient or residential settings when a patient leaves without authorization or cannot be located. The event can trigger immediate search, notification, risk-management, and regulatory procedures. |
| B | |
| BAC | Blood Alcohol Concentration: The measured concentration of alcohol in a person’s blood, often estimated through breath or laboratory testing. It informs intoxication assessment, withdrawal planning, medical risk evaluation, and some legal referrals. |
| BACB | Behavior Analyst Certification Board: The nonprofit credentialing organization that establishes certification, examination, ethics, and continuing-education requirements for behavior analysts and behavior technicians. |
| BAI | Beck Anxiety Inventory: A 21-item self-report instrument measuring the severity of common anxiety symptoms. Clinicians may use it to establish a baseline and monitor response to treatment. |
| BASC-3 | Behavior Assessment System for Children, Third Edition: A multi-method assessment system covering behavior, emotions, adaptive skills, and self-perceptions in children and young adults. Parent, teacher, and self-report forms support evaluation and treatment planning. |
| BCaBA | Board Certified Assistant Behavior Analyst: An undergraduate-level certification for practitioners who deliver behavior-analytic services under qualified supervision. Scope and licensure requirements vary by jurisdiction and payer. |
| BCBA | Board Certified Behavior Analyst: A graduate-level certification for professionals who assess behavior, design interventions, supervise implementation, and evaluate outcomes. It is a common qualification for clinical leadership in applied behavior analysis services. |
| BDI-II | Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition: A 21-item self-report instrument used to assess the severity of depressive symptoms. Repeated administration can support measurement-based care while remaining distinct from a diagnostic evaluation. |
| BED | Binge-Eating Disorder: An eating disorder characterized by recurrent binge-eating episodes accompanied by distress and without regular compensatory behavior. Treatment commonly combines psychotherapy, medical monitoring, nutrition services, and medication when indicated. |
| BIP | Behavior Intervention Plan: A written plan specifying target behaviors, hypothesized functions, prevention strategies, replacement skills, reinforcement, response procedures, and measurement methods. It should be based on assessment and implemented consistently across caregivers and settings. |
| BIRP | Behavior, Intervention, Response, Plan: A structured progress-note format used to document the patient’s presentation, the clinician’s intervention, the patient’s response, and planned next steps. It supports clinical continuity and defensible records. |
| BN | Bulimia Nervosa: An eating disorder involving recurrent binge eating, compensatory behaviors, and undue influence of body shape or weight on self-evaluation. Care requires assessment of psychiatric symptoms and potentially serious medical complications. |
| BPD | Borderline Personality Disorder: A personality disorder involving instability in relationships, self-image, affect, and impulse control. Structured, evidence-based psychotherapy and careful risk management are central to effective care. |
| BPRS | Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale: A clinician-rated scale measuring symptoms such as psychosis, hostility, anxiety, and depression. It is used to quantify psychiatric severity and monitor change over time. |
| BVC | Brøset Violence Checklist: A short-term violence-risk tool based on observable behaviors such as confusion, irritability, threats, and attacks on objects. In structured settings, it supports prevention, staffing, and de-escalation decisions. |
| C | |
| CADC | Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor: A professional credential for addiction counselors who meet jurisdiction-specific education, supervised-experience, examination, and ethics requirements. The permitted scope of practice varies by state or certifying body. |
| CAGE | Cut Down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-Opener: A four-question alcohol screening mnemonic addressing attempts to reduce drinking, criticism, guilt, and morning drinking. A positive result indicates the need for further assessment rather than establishing a diagnosis. |
| CALOCUS-CASII | Child and Adolescent Level of Care Utilization System–Child and Adolescent Service Intensity Instrument: A standardized framework for evaluating clinical risk, functioning, environmental factors, and service needs in children and adolescents. It supports placement and intensity-of-care decisions across behavioral health systems. |
| CANS | Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths: A structured decision-support assessment covering behavioral needs, risks, functioning, caregiver factors, culture, and strengths. Public systems and providers use it for care planning, communication, and outcomes monitoring. |
| CAPS-5 | Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5: A structured diagnostic interview used to evaluate post-traumatic stress symptoms, duration, impairment, and severity. It is widely regarded as a rigorous clinical and research assessment. |
| CARF | Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities: An independent accreditor of behavioral health, substance use, employment, rehabilitation, and related human services. Accreditation affects quality governance, contracting, referrals, and regulatory recognition. |
| CBT | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A structured psychotherapy that addresses relationships among thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. It has evidence-based protocols for depression, anxiety, trauma, psychosis, substance use, and other conditions. |
| CBT-I | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: A structured, nonpharmacologic treatment combining techniques such as stimulus control, sleep restriction, cognitive restructuring, and sleep-hygiene education. It is commonly considered a first-line treatment for chronic insomnia. |
| CCBHC | Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinic: A federally defined clinic model providing coordinated mental health and substance use services, including crisis care, regardless of ability to pay. Certification entails access, staffing, quality-reporting, care-coordination, and service-scope requirements. |
| CCISC | Comprehensive, Continuous, Integrated System of Care: A framework for making co-occurring mental health and substance use treatment an integrated responsibility throughout a service system. It emphasizes systemwide capability rather than isolated specialty programs. |
| CCMHC | Certified Clinical Mental Health Counselor: An advanced national counseling credential recognizing education, clinical experience, examination, supervision, and ethical practice requirements. It may supplement, but does not replace, state professional licensure. |
| CGI | Clinical Global Impressions: A family of brief clinician-rated scales assessing overall illness severity, improvement, and treatment response. The scales provide a concise global judgment that complements symptom-specific measures. |
| CGI-I | Clinical Global Impression–Improvement: A clinician rating of how much a patient’s overall condition has improved or worsened relative to baseline. It is frequently used in medication monitoring and clinical studies. |
| CGI-S | Clinical Global Impression–Severity: A clinician rating of the patient’s current overall illness severity. It provides a rapid summary of clinical burden but should be interpreted alongside diagnosis-specific evidence. |
| CIT | Crisis Intervention Team: A collaborative model that trains law-enforcement personnel and links them with crisis providers, advocates, and community services. Its goals include safer encounters, de-escalation, and diversion from unnecessary arrest or hospitalization. |
| CIWA-Ar | Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol, Revised: A ten-item clinician-administered scale for rating alcohol-withdrawal severity. Scores can inform monitoring intensity and medication protocols when used with medical judgment. |
| CLAS | Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services: National standards for delivering equitable, understandable, and respectful care responsive to cultural health beliefs, language needs, and health literacy. They guide interpreter access, governance, workforce practices, and quality improvement. |
| CM | Case Management: A coordinated process for assessing needs, planning services, arranging referrals, monitoring progress, and supporting access to community resources. It is especially important for patients with complex clinical and social needs. |
| CM | Contingency Management: A behavioral intervention that provides tangible reinforcement for objectively verified treatment goals, such as abstinence or attendance. It has strong evidence in stimulant and other substance use treatment. |
| CMHC | Community Mental Health Center: A community-based organization offering outpatient and often crisis, rehabilitation, case-management, and other mental health services. Program definitions and certification requirements vary across federal and state contexts. |
| CMHS | Center for Mental Health Services: The federal center within the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration that supports mental health policy, grants, programs, and technical assistance. |
| CMS | Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services: The federal agency administering Medicare, partnering with states on Medicaid, and overseeing major payment and quality programs. Its rules materially affect covered services, clinic certification, claims, and reporting. |
| COA | Council on Accreditation: An accreditation program for human and social service organizations, now operated within Social Current. Providers may encounter its standards in behavioral health, child and family, and community-based services. |
| CoCM | Collaborative Care Model: An evidence-based approach integrating behavioral health into primary care through a care manager, a psychiatric consultant, measurement-based treatment, and systematic caseload review. |
| COD | Co-Occurring Disorders: The presence of both a mental health disorder and a substance use disorder in the same person. Effective programs screen for and treat both conditions through coordinated or integrated care. |
| COWS | Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale: An 11-item clinician-administered tool for rating opioid-withdrawal signs and symptoms. It helps guide withdrawal monitoring and the timing of certain medication initiations. |
| CPI | Crisis Prevention Institute: A training organization known for programs addressing de-escalation, workplace violence prevention, and restrictive-intervention safety. Provider organizations often use its courses as part of staff competency programs. |
| CPRS | Certified Peer Recovery Specialist: A credential for individuals who use lived recovery experience to provide nonclinical support, advocacy, engagement, and resource navigation. Certification standards and permitted services vary by jurisdiction. |
| CPT | Current Procedural Terminology: The American Medical Association code set used to report professional services and procedures. Accurate selection, documentation, and payer-specific application are central to behavioral health billing and compliance. |
| CRAFFT | Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble: A validated substance-use screening tool designed for adolescents and young adults. Its mnemonic reflects key risk questions used to identify the need for further assessment or intervention. |
| CSAT | Center for Substance Abuse Treatment: The federal center within the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration that supports effective substance use treatment and recovery services through policy, grants, standards, and technical assistance. |
| C-SSRS | Columbia–Suicide Severity Rating Scale: A structured instrument for assessing suicidal ideation, intensity, behavior, and attempts. Organizations use it within broader suicide-risk assessment, triage, documentation, and safety-planning processes. |
| CSU | Crisis Stabilization Unit: A short-term facility providing rapid assessment, observation, treatment, and disposition planning for acute behavioral health crises. It can serve as an alternative to emergency-department boarding or inpatient admission. |
| CUD | Cannabis Use Disorder: A disorder involving problematic cannabis use that causes clinically significant impairment or distress. Assessment considers severity, co-occurring conditions, withdrawal, functional impact, and treatment readiness. |
| CY-BOCS | Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: A clinician-administered instrument for rating obsessive-compulsive symptom severity in children and adolescents. It supports baseline assessment and monitoring of treatment response. |
| D | |
| DAP | Data, Assessment, Plan: A progress-note structure separating observed or reported information, the clinician’s interpretation, and next steps. It promotes concise documentation while preserving clinical reasoning and continuity. |
| DASA | Dynamic Appraisal of Situational Aggression: A short-term assessment of observable factors associated with imminent aggression in inpatient settings. Repeated ratings can inform preventive interventions, observation, and staffing decisions. |
| DAST-10 | Drug Abuse Screening Test–10: A ten-item questionnaire used to screen for drug-related problems excluding alcohol and tobacco. Results help determine whether a more comprehensive substance use assessment is warranted. |
| DBT | Dialectical Behavior Therapy: A structured treatment combining behavioral change strategies with acceptance and mindfulness practices. Comprehensive programs typically include individual therapy, skills training, coaching, and clinician consultation. |
| DCO | Designated Collaborating Organization: An external organization formally engaged by a certified community behavioral health clinic to deliver certain required services under an agreement. The clinic retains responsibility for coordination, access, quality, and oversight. |
| DEA | Drug Enforcement Administration: The federal agency that regulates controlled substances and registers authorized prescribers and facilities. Compliance affects prescribing, storage, recordkeeping, and medication treatment for substance use disorders. |
| DID | Dissociative Identity Disorder: A dissociative disorder involving disruption of identity with associated discontinuities in memory, behavior, awareness, and functioning. Diagnosis requires careful differential assessment and trauma-informed treatment. |
| DLA-20 | Daily Living Activities–20: A functional assessment measuring areas such as communication, safety, health, substance use, relationships, and community participation. Providers use it to support medical necessity, care planning, and outcomes tracking. |
| DSM-5-TR | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision: The American Psychiatric Association’s classification and diagnostic reference for mental disorders. It standardizes diagnostic criteria and terminology used in assessment, documentation, research, and reimbursement. |
| DTs | Delirium Tremens: A severe and potentially life-threatening form of alcohol withdrawal involving delirium, autonomic instability, and sometimes hallucinations or seizures. It requires urgent medical treatment and an appropriate level of monitoring. |
| DTT | Discrete Trial Training: A structured teaching method that breaks skills into small units with clear instructions, prompts, responses, and consequences. It is commonly used within applied behavior analysis programs. |
| E | |
| EBP | Evidence-Based Practice: Care that integrates the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. Providers use fidelity, training, supervision, and outcomes monitoring to support effective implementation. |
| ECT | Electroconvulsive Therapy: A medical treatment in which controlled electrical stimulation under anesthesia induces a therapeutic seizure. It is used primarily for severe depression, catatonia, and selected treatment-resistant psychiatric conditions. |
| EIBI | Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention: A high-intensity, individualized behavioral treatment approach for young children with autism or related developmental needs. Programs emphasize early skill acquisition, caregiver participation, and frequent progress measurement. |
| EMDR | Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: A structured psychotherapy using bilateral stimulation while patients process distressing memories and associated beliefs. It is widely used in trauma and post-traumatic stress treatment. |
| EPS | Extrapyramidal Symptoms: Medication-related movement effects that can include akathisia, dystonia, parkinsonism, and tardive dyskinesia. Detection and monitoring are essential when prescribing antipsychotic and certain other medications. |
| EPSDT | Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment: The Medicaid benefit requiring comprehensive preventive, diagnostic, and medically necessary treatment services for eligible people under age 21. It is important to access and coverage decisions for children’s behavioral health services. |
| ERP | Exposure and Response Prevention: A behavioral treatment that gradually exposes patients to feared situations or thoughts while preventing compulsive or avoidant responses. It is a principal evidence-based treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. |
| F | |
| FASD | Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: A group of lifelong conditions caused by prenatal alcohol exposure and associated with cognitive, behavioral, adaptive, and physical effects. Services often require developmentally informed assessment and cross-system coordination. |
| FBA | Functional Behavior Assessment: A systematic process for identifying environmental events and consequences associated with a target behavior. Findings guide function-based interventions and replacement-skill development. |
| FFT | Functional Family Therapy: A structured, family-based intervention for adolescents with behavioral, substance use, or juvenile-justice involvement. It targets family engagement, communication, parenting, and sustainable behavior change. |
| FUA | Follow-Up After Emergency Department Visit for Substance Use: A quality measure assessing timely follow-up after an emergency visit related to alcohol or other drug use. It focuses providers on rapid outreach and continuity after a high-risk event. |
| FUH | Follow-Up After Hospitalization for Mental Illness: A quality measure assessing whether patients receive timely outpatient follow-up after discharge for a mental health condition. Strong performance requires effective scheduling, discharge coordination, and engagement. |
| FUM | Follow-Up After Emergency Department Visit for Mental Illness: A quality measure evaluating timely follow-up after a mental health-related emergency visit. It is used to monitor continuity and reduce gaps following acute care. |
| G | |
| GAD | Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A disorder characterized by excessive, difficult-to-control worry across multiple areas, accompanied by physical or cognitive symptoms. Treatment commonly includes psychotherapy, medication, or both. |
| GAD-7 | Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale: A brief self-report tool for screening and measuring anxiety symptom severity. Repeated scores can support treatment-to-target decisions and outcomes monitoring. |
| GAF | Global Assessment of Functioning: A legacy numeric scale rating overall psychological, social, and occupational functioning. Although removed from the current diagnostic manual, it remains visible in older records, contracts, and some administrative systems. |
| GAIN | Global Appraisal of Individual Needs: A family of standardized instruments assessing substance use, mental health, risk behavior, functioning, and service needs. Programs use it for screening, comprehensive assessment, placement, and outcomes evaluation. |
| GDS | Geriatric Depression Scale: A self-report screening instrument developed to identify depressive symptoms in older adults. It minimizes emphasis on somatic symptoms that may overlap with medical conditions or aging. |
| H | |
| HADS | Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: A 14-item self-report instrument with separate anxiety and depression subscales. It is often used in medical and integrated-care settings to identify emotional distress while limiting somatic symptom overlap. |
| HCPCS | Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System: A standardized coding system used to report services, supplies, and procedures for reimbursement. Behavioral health organizations frequently use Level II codes for community, rehabilitation, substance use, and medication-related services. |
| HEDIS | Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set: A widely used set of health plan performance measures that includes behavioral health access, follow-up, medication, and substance use metrics. Provider results can affect network management and value-based contracts. |
| HIPAA | Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act: The federal law underpinning national privacy, security, breach-notification, and electronic-transaction requirements for protected health information. Behavioral health organizations must apply it alongside stricter substance use and state confidentiality rules. |
| HLOC | Higher Level of Care: A setting or service intensity above the patient’s current level, such as moving from routine outpatient care to intensive outpatient, partial hospitalization, residential, or inpatient treatment. |
| HoNOS | Health of the Nation Outcome Scales: Clinician-rated scales measuring behavior, impairment, symptoms, and social functioning in mental health services. They are used internationally for routine outcomes monitoring and service evaluation. |
| HRSA | Health Resources and Services Administration: A federal agency supporting health centers, workforce programs, shortage designations, and services for underserved populations. Its initiatives can affect integrated behavioral care, telehealth, and workforce development. |
| I | |
| ICD-10-CM | International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification: The United States diagnosis code set used for clinical documentation, claims, medical necessity, and reporting. Behavioral health clinicians map documented conditions to its mental, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental disorder codes. |
| ICD-11 | International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Revision: The World Health Organization’s current global classification for diseases and health conditions. It includes updated mental, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental diagnoses, although implementation timing varies by country. |
| IDD | Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Conditions affecting intellectual functioning, adaptive behavior, physical development, language, or learning. Providers frequently adapt assessment, communication, crisis response, and treatment for people with co-occurring behavioral needs. |
| IDDT | Integrated Dual Disorder Treatment: An evidence-based model combining mental health and substance use treatment within one coordinated team for people with severe mental illness. It emphasizes stage-matched interventions, outreach, and long-term recovery. |
| IET | Initiation and Engagement of Substance Use Disorder Treatment: A quality measure assessing prompt treatment initiation after a new diagnosis and continued engagement through additional services. It is commonly used in payer and provider performance programs. |
| IMD | Institution for Mental Diseases: A Medicaid classification generally covering facilities of more than 16 beds primarily engaged in diagnosing, treating, or caring for people with mental diseases. The associated federal payment exclusion materially shapes residential and inpatient financing for adults ages 21–64. |
| IOP | Intensive Outpatient Program: A structured level of care providing multiple treatment hours or sessions per week while patients continue living in the community. It offers greater intensity than routine outpatient care without overnight residence. |
| IPF | Inpatient Psychiatric Facility: A hospital or distinct psychiatric unit providing 24-hour inpatient treatment for acute mental health conditions. Operations are subject to specialized payment, safety, quality, staffing, and discharge requirements. |
| IPFQR | Inpatient Psychiatric Facility Quality Reporting Program: A federal quality program requiring participating psychiatric facilities to report designated measures and data. Compliance affects transparency and Medicare payment updates. |
| IPS | Individual Placement and Support: An evidence-based supported-employment model helping people with serious mental illness obtain competitive work based on their preferences. Employment services are integrated with clinical treatment and use rapid job search. |
| K | |
| K10 | Kessler Psychological Distress Scale–10-Item Version: A brief self-report measure of nonspecific psychological distress experienced during the recent past. It is used in screening, population research, and outcomes monitoring. |
| K6 | Kessler Psychological Distress Scale–6-Item Version: A shortened measure of nonspecific psychological distress designed for efficient screening and survey use. Elevated scores indicate a need for further assessment rather than a specific diagnosis. |
| L | |
| LADC | Licensed Alcohol and Drug Counselor: A state-regulated credential for professionals providing addiction assessment, counseling, and related services. Education, supervision, examination, and scope-of-practice requirements differ by jurisdiction. |
| LAI | Long-Acting Injectable: An injectable medication formulation that releases its active ingredient over weeks or months. In psychiatry, it can support adherence and continuity for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and selected substance use treatments. |
| LCADC | Licensed Clinical Alcohol and Drug Counselor: An advanced addiction-counseling license used in certain jurisdictions. It generally requires graduate education and supervised clinical experience, but authorized services vary by state. |
| LCSW | Licensed Clinical Social Worker: A state-licensed professional qualified to provide clinical social work services, often including psychotherapy, assessment, diagnosis, and care coordination. Exact scope and independent-practice authority vary by jurisdiction. |
| LICSW | Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker: A designation used by certain states for social workers authorized to practice clinical services independently. Requirements typically include graduate education, supervised experience, examination, and continuing education. |
| LMFT | Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist: A state-licensed clinician trained to assess and treat mental and relational problems within family and systems contexts. Scope, supervision, and diagnostic authority vary by state. |
| LMHC | Licensed Mental Health Counselor: A professional counseling license used in several states for clinicians providing assessment, psychotherapy, and related services. Credential titles and practice authority differ across jurisdictions. |
| LMSW | Licensed Master Social Worker: A state license generally requiring a master’s degree in social work and successful examination. Clinical independence and supervision requirements depend on state law. |
| LOC | Level of Care: The intensity and setting of services matched to a patient’s clinical risk, functioning, support environment, and treatment needs. Placement affects authorization, staffing, treatment structure, and reimbursement. |
| LOCUS | Level of Care Utilization System: A standardized adult assessment framework evaluating risk, functioning, co-occurring conditions, recovery environment, treatment history, and engagement. It supports service-intensity and resource-allocation decisions. |
| LOS | Length of Stay: The duration of an individual treatment episode in a facility or structured program. Monitoring it helps identify discharge barriers, utilization patterns, clinical variation, and capacity constraints. |
| LPC | Licensed Professional Counselor: A state credential for counselors who meet education, supervised-experience, examination, and ethics requirements. Independent practice and diagnostic authority vary by jurisdiction. |
| LPCC | Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor: A counseling license used in certain states for clinical assessment and psychotherapy practice. Requirements and distinctions from other counselor licenses are jurisdiction-specific. |
| M | |
| MADRS | Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale: A clinician-rated instrument designed to measure depressive symptom severity and sensitivity to treatment-related change. It is used in specialty practice and clinical research. |
| MAOI | Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor: A class of antidepressant medications requiring careful management of drug interactions and, for nonselective agents, dietary restrictions. Clinicians generally reserve them for selected or treatment-resistant conditions. |
| MAT | Medication-Assisted Treatment: A longstanding term for combining approved medications with counseling and behavioral therapies to treat substance use disorders. Current practice increasingly uses diagnosis-specific language such as medications for opioid use disorder. |
| MAUD | Medications for Alcohol Use Disorder: Approved or evidence-supported pharmacotherapies used to reduce drinking, prevent relapse, or support abstinence. Medication selection depends on treatment goals, contraindications, adherence, and patient preference. |
| MBC | Measurement-Based Care: The systematic use of validated measures at baseline and during treatment to guide clinical decisions. It supports treatment-to-target, shared decision-making, supervision, and outcomes reporting. |
| MBCT | Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy: A structured group intervention combining mindfulness practices with cognitive therapy principles. It is particularly associated with preventing relapse in recurrent depression. |
| MCT | Mobile Crisis Team: A field-based team that responds to behavioral health crises in homes, public settings, and community facilities. Core functions include assessment, de-escalation, safety planning, stabilization, and linkage to ongoing care. |
| MDD | Major Depressive Disorder: A mood disorder involving a sustained depressive episode with cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms that impair functioning. Severity, suicide risk, recurrence, and comorbidity shape treatment planning. |
| MDQ | Mood Disorder Questionnaire: A self-report screening instrument for lifetime symptoms associated with bipolar spectrum disorders. A positive screen requires clinical evaluation and is not itself diagnostic. |
| MHBG | Mental Health Block Grant: A federal funding stream supporting community-based mental health services, particularly for adults with serious mental illness and children with serious emotional disturbance. State priorities and grant conditions affect provider opportunities. |
| MHPAEA | Paul Wellstone and Pete Domenici Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008: A federal law requiring covered mental health and substance use benefits to be comparable with medical and surgical benefits in key respects. It affects network access, utilization management, reimbursement, and documentation demands. |
| MHSIP | Mental Health Statistics Improvement Program: A national initiative associated with standardized public mental health data and consumer outcome domains. Its consumer survey framework is used to assess access, quality, participation, functioning, and satisfaction. |
| MI | Motivational Interviewing: A collaborative counseling approach that strengthens a person’s motivation and commitment to change by exploring ambivalence. It is widely used in substance use, health behavior, and treatment-engagement work. |
| MMPI-3 | Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–3: A standardized psychological test assessing personality, psychopathology, response validity, and clinically relevant functioning. Qualified psychologists use it in diagnostic, forensic, medical, and treatment-planning contexts. |
| MMSE | Mini-Mental State Examination: A brief structured assessment of orientation, attention, memory, language, and basic cognitive functioning. It supports cognitive screening but does not replace a full diagnostic or neuropsychological evaluation. |
| MOAS | Modified Overt Aggression Scale: A clinician-rated instrument covering verbal aggression, aggression against property, self-aggression, and physical aggression. It helps quantify severity and monitor response to interventions. |
| MoCA | Montreal Cognitive Assessment: A brief screening instrument for cognitive impairment across domains including attention, executive function, memory, language, and visuospatial skills. Administration and interpretation require appropriate training. |
| MOUD | Medications for Opioid Use Disorder: Pharmacotherapies such as buprenorphine, methadone, and naltrexone used to treat opioid addiction. Access, retention, regulatory compliance, and coordination with psychosocial care are major operating priorities. |
| MSE | Mental Status Examination: A structured clinical description of appearance, behavior, speech, mood, affect, thought, perception, cognition, insight, and judgment. It is a foundational component of psychiatric assessment and risk documentation. |
| MST | Multisystemic Therapy: An intensive, home- and community-based treatment for adolescents with serious behavioral problems and their families. It addresses interconnected drivers across family, peer, school, and community systems. |
| N | |
| NAMI | National Alliance on Mental Illness: A United States grassroots mental health organization providing education, advocacy, support, and public awareness. Local affiliates frequently collaborate with providers and represent patient and family perspectives. |
| NCC | National Certified Counselor: A national professional counseling credential based on education, examination, ethics, and continuing-education requirements. It is distinct from state licensure, which determines legal scope of practice. |
| NIDA | National Institute on Drug Abuse: The federal research institute supporting science on drug use, addiction, prevention, treatment, and related health consequences. Its research and clinical resources influence evidence-based substance use services. |
| NIMH | National Institute of Mental Health: The lead federal agency for research on mental disorders. Its funding, data, and scientific initiatives shape assessment, treatment development, implementation, and workforce knowledge. |
| NSSI | Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: Deliberate self-inflicted injury performed without intent to die. Assessment must still examine suicide risk, medical severity, functions of the behavior, and co-occurring conditions. |
| N-SUMHSS | National Substance Use and Mental Health Services Survey: A federal survey collecting information from specialty mental health and substance use treatment facilities. Its data support service directories, market analysis, policy, and capacity planning. |
| O | |
| OAT | Opioid Agonist Treatment: Treatment using agonist or partial-agonist medications to reduce opioid withdrawal, craving, and illicit use. The term is especially common in Canadian and international practice. |
| OBOT | Office-Based Opioid Treatment: Opioid use disorder treatment delivered in an office or outpatient medical setting, commonly using buprenorphine or naltrexone. Effective programs integrate prescribing, monitoring, counseling access, and recovery support. |
| OCD | Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A disorder involving intrusive obsessions, compulsions, or both that consume time or impair functioning. Specialized assessment and exposure-based treatment are often required. |
| ODD | Oppositional Defiant Disorder: A childhood disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, argumentative behavior, or vindictiveness. Assessment examines developmental context, family dynamics, functional impairment, and comorbid conditions. |
| OTP | Opioid Treatment Program: A federally certified and accredited program authorized to dispense approved medications, including methadone, for opioid use disorder. Operations involve specialized enrollment, counseling, drug-testing, security, and reporting requirements. |
| OUD | Opioid Use Disorder: A clinical disorder involving problematic opioid use, impaired control, continued use despite harm, and related impairment. Evidence-based treatment prioritizes medication access, overdose prevention, engagement, and long-term recovery support. |
| P | |
| PANSS | Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale: A clinician-rated instrument measuring positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and general psychopathology in schizophrenia. It is widely used in specialty treatment and research to track illness severity. |
| PCIT | Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: An evidence-based treatment that coaches caregivers in real time to strengthen relationships and manage disruptive child behavior. It combines relationship-enhancement and structured discipline skills. |
| PCL-5 | PTSD Checklist for DSM-5: A 20-item self-report measure of post-traumatic stress symptoms. It supports screening, provisional diagnostic assessment, treatment planning, and repeated measurement of symptom change. |
| PDMP | Prescription Drug Monitoring Program: A state electronic database tracking dispensed controlled-substance prescriptions. Prescribers use it to support safer medication decisions, identify possible duplication or misuse, and meet legal requirements. |
| PE | Prolonged Exposure: A structured trauma-focused psychotherapy using repeated, supported exposure to trauma memories and avoided situations. It is an evidence-based treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder. |
| PECS | Picture Exchange Communication System: A structured augmentative communication approach that teaches individuals to exchange pictures to communicate needs and progressively develop more complex communication skills. |
| PES | Psychiatric Emergency Services: Specialized services providing urgent psychiatric assessment, stabilization, observation, and disposition. Delivery models include dedicated emergency programs, crisis receiving centers, and hospital-based units. |
| PHI | Protected Health Information: Individually identifiable health information protected under federal privacy rules when held or transmitted by a covered entity or business associate. Behavioral records may also be subject to additional federal and state protections. |
| PHP | Partial Hospitalization Program: A structured, intensive day-treatment level of care that provides hospital-like services without overnight residence. It is used as an alternative to inpatient admission or as a step-down service. |
| PHQ-2 | Patient Health Questionnaire–2: A two-item depression screen assessing depressed mood and loss of interest. Positive results generally prompt administration of a more comprehensive instrument or clinical assessment. |
| PHQ-9 | Patient Health Questionnaire–9: A nine-item measure used to screen for depression and quantify symptom severity. Repeated scoring supports measurement-based treatment, while the self-harm item requires an appropriate clinical response. |
| PMHNP | Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner: An advanced practice registered nurse educated and certified to assess, diagnose, and treat psychiatric conditions. Prescriptive and independent-practice authority varies by state. |
| PPS | Prospective Payment System: A reimbursement methodology that pays predetermined rates rather than individual service costs. Certified community behavioral health clinic demonstrations use specialized daily or monthly models with quality-related features. |
| PRN | Pro Re Nata: A medication-order designation meaning “as needed” rather than on a fixed schedule. Psychiatric providers must define indications, limits, monitoring, and documentation for safe use. |
| PRTF | Psychiatric Residential Treatment Facility: A nonhospital residential setting providing intensive treatment to Medicaid-eligible individuals under age 21. It must meet federal conditions concerning active treatment, staffing, restraint and seclusion, and patient protections. |
| PSR | Psychosocial Rehabilitation: Services that help people develop skills and supports for living, learning, working, socializing, and managing illness in the community. Programs emphasize recovery, functioning, and community integration. |
| PsyD | Doctor of Psychology: A doctoral degree emphasizing professional psychology practice, assessment, and clinical intervention. Graduates must still satisfy jurisdiction-specific licensure and supervised-experience requirements. |
| PTSD | Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A trauma-related disorder involving intrusion, avoidance, changes in cognition or mood, and heightened arousal following exposure to a qualifying event. Treatment planning includes safety, comorbidity, functioning, and readiness for trauma-focused care. |
| Q | |
| QAPI | Quality Assessment and Performance Improvement: A systematic framework for using data to identify risks, investigate performance gaps, implement improvements, and sustain results. It supports accreditation, regulatory compliance, patient safety, and clinical governance. |
| QPR | Question, Persuade, Refer: A gatekeeper training model that teaches participants to recognize suicide warning signs, ask directly about suicide, encourage help-seeking, and connect the person with appropriate support. |
| R | |
| RBT | Registered Behavior Technician: A paraprofessional certification for staff who implement behavior-analytic services under ongoing supervision. The role focuses on direct treatment rather than independent assessment or program design. |
| REBT | Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy: A cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy that identifies and challenges rigid or irrational beliefs contributing to emotional distress and unhelpful behavior. |
| REMS | Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy: A drug-safety program required by the Food and Drug Administration for certain medications with serious risks. Psychiatric prescribers and sites may face certification, monitoring, dispensing, or documentation obligations. |
| ROI | Release of Information: A patient authorization or related process permitting disclosure of specified records to identified parties. Behavioral health releases require careful attention to scope, expiration, revocation, and heightened confidentiality rules. |
| RSS | Recovery Support Services: Nonclinical and complementary services that help people initiate and sustain recovery, such as peer support, housing assistance, transportation, employment help, and recovery coaching. |
| RTC | Residential Treatment Center: A 24-hour nonhospital facility providing structured therapeutic services for mental health, substance use, eating, or behavioral conditions. Licensing, staffing, payer authorization, and clinical models vary by population and jurisdiction. |
| S | |
| SAA | Adherence to Antipsychotic Medications for Individuals With Schizophrenia: A quality measure evaluating continued antipsychotic medication coverage among adults with schizophrenia. Performance depends on prescribing, patient engagement, pharmacy coordination, and follow-up. |
| SAFE-T | Suicide Assessment Five-Step Evaluation and Triage: A framework for identifying risk and protective factors, conducting a suicide inquiry, determining risk level, selecting interventions, and documenting the plan. |
| SAMHSA | Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration: The principal federal agency supporting mental health, substance use, crisis, prevention, and recovery systems. It administers grants, clinic programs, data initiatives, technical assistance, and national guidance. |
| SANS | Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms: A clinician-rated instrument measuring diminished emotional expression, motivation, speech, pleasure, and attention in schizophrenia-spectrum illness. It supports detailed symptom assessment and monitoring. |
| SAPS | Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms: A clinician-rated instrument evaluating hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, and formal thought disorder. It is used in schizophrenia-focused clinical assessment and research. |
| SBIRT | Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment: A public health and clinical approach for identifying risky substance use, delivering time-limited motivational intervention, and connecting patients requiring more intensive care. |
| SCID-5 | Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5: A semi-structured diagnostic interview administered by trained clinicians to evaluate mental disorders systematically. Different versions support clinical, research, and personality-disorder assessment. |
| SDS | Sheehan Disability Scale: A brief self-report measure of impairment in work or school, social life, and family responsibilities. It complements symptom measures by quantifying functional impact. |
| SED | Serious Emotional Disturbance: A designation for children or adolescents with a diagnosable emotional, behavioral, or mental disorder causing substantial functional impairment. Definitions influence eligibility for intensive public behavioral health services. |
| SFBT | Solution-Focused Brief Therapy: A goal-directed psychotherapy emphasizing desired outcomes, existing strengths, exceptions to problems, and practical next steps. It is designed for focused work over a relatively short duration. |
| SGA | Second-Generation Antipsychotic: A class of medications used for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and selected other psychiatric conditions. Treatment requires monitoring for metabolic, neurologic, cardiovascular, and other adverse effects. |
| SI | Suicidal Ideation: Thoughts about death, self-harm with intent to die, or suicide that range from passive wishes to active planning. Evaluation must address intent, plan, means, history, protective factors, and immediate safety needs. |
| SIB | Self-Injurious Behavior: Behavior that directly causes or risks physical injury to oneself. Assessment differentiates behavioral function, medical danger, repetitive developmental patterns, and suicidal intent. |
| SMI | Serious Mental Illness: A designation generally applied to adults with qualifying mental disorders that substantially impair major life activities. Definitions affect program eligibility, public funding, caseload design, and outcomes reporting. |
| SNRI | Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor: A class of medications used for depression, anxiety, and selected pain conditions. Prescribers monitor efficacy, blood pressure, activation, discontinuation symptoms, and other adverse effects. |
| SOAP | Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan: A structured clinical-note format organizing patient-reported information, observable findings, clinical interpretation, and planned actions. It supports consistent documentation and communication across disciplines. |
| SOC | System of Care: A coordinated network of community-based services and supports organized around the needs of children and youth with behavioral health challenges and their families. The approach emphasizes family-driven, youth-guided, culturally responsive care. |
| SOR | State Opioid Response: A federal grant program supporting state and territory efforts to address opioid and stimulant use through prevention, treatment, medication access, harm reduction, and recovery services. |
| SOWS | Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scale: A patient-reported instrument measuring the perceived severity of opioid-withdrawal symptoms. It can complement clinician observation during withdrawal management and medication initiation. |
| SPMI | Serious and Persistent Mental Illness: A term describing severe psychiatric conditions associated with substantial and enduring functional impairment. It is often used in eligibility, service-intensity, housing, and long-term support contexts. |
| SSD | Diabetes Screening for People With Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder Who Are Using Antipsychotic Medications: A quality measure assessing glucose or diabetes screening for patients exposed to antipsychotic medication. It promotes coordination between psychiatric and medical care around metabolic risk. |
| SSRI | Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor: A widely used class of medications for depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and trauma-related disorders. Prescribing requires monitoring for response, activation, adverse effects, interactions, and discontinuation symptoms. |
| SUD | Substance Use Disorder: A clinical disorder involving a problematic pattern of alcohol or drug use leading to significant impairment or distress. Severity, substance type, withdrawal risk, and co-occurring conditions guide treatment planning. |
| T | |
| TAY | Transition-Age Youth: Adolescents and young adults moving from child-serving systems into adult services and greater independence. Programs address continuity, engagement, education, employment, housing, and developmentally appropriate care. |
| TF-CBT | Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: An evidence-based treatment for children and adolescents affected by trauma and their caregivers. It combines coping skills, gradual trauma processing, caregiver involvement, and safety enhancement. |
| TIC | Trauma-Informed Care: An organizational and clinical approach that recognizes trauma’s prevalence and effects while emphasizing safety, trust, collaboration, choice, and avoidance of retraumatization. |
| TJC | The Joint Commission: An independent organization that accredits and certifies hospitals and other healthcare programs, including behavioral health and human services. Its standards influence safety, quality systems, credentialing, and payer recognition. |
| TMACT | Tool for Measurement of Assertive Community Treatment: A fidelity instrument assessing how closely a program implements the essential staffing, organization, and clinical practices of the community-treatment model. Results guide quality improvement and program certification. |
| TMS | Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A noninvasive treatment that uses magnetic pulses to stimulate targeted brain regions. It is most commonly used for treatment-resistant depression and selected other psychiatric conditions. |
| TSQ | Trauma Screening Questionnaire: A brief self-report instrument used to identify post-traumatic stress symptoms after a traumatic event. Positive results indicate the need for more complete clinical assessment. |
| U | |
| UDS | Urine Drug Screen: A test used to detect recent exposure to selected substances or medication metabolites. Results support assessment and treatment monitoring but require careful interpretation, consent practices, and confirmatory testing when appropriate. |
| V | |
| VB-MAPP | Verbal Behavior Milestones Assessment and Placement Program: An assessment and curriculum-planning system for language, learning, social, and developmental skills in children with autism or related needs. It also evaluates learning barriers and transition readiness. |
| W | |
| WAIS-IV | Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition: A standardized assessment of adult cognitive abilities across verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed. Qualified psychologists use it in diagnostic and neuropsychological evaluations. |
| WHO-5 | World Health Organization–Five Well-Being Index: A five-item self-report measure of subjective psychological well-being during the previous two weeks. It is used for screening and monitoring across mental health and general healthcare settings. |
| WHODAS 2.0 | World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0: A standardized measure of functioning across cognition, mobility, self-care, relationships, life activities, and participation. It provides a diagnosis-neutral view of disability and treatment outcomes. |
| WISC-V | Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fifth Edition: A standardized assessment of cognitive abilities in children and adolescents. Qualified psychologists use its profile to inform diagnostic, educational, and treatment recommendations. |
| WM | Withdrawal Management: Services that assess, monitor, and treat intoxication and withdrawal while preparing patients for ongoing addiction care. Levels range from ambulatory support to medically managed inpatient treatment. |
| WRAP | Wellness Recovery Action Plan: A self-directed recovery and crisis-planning process that identifies wellness tools, triggers, early warning signs, support preferences, and action plans. It emphasizes personal agency and advance preparation. |
| Y | |
| Y-BOCS | Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: A clinician-administered instrument measuring the severity of obsessions and compulsions in adults. It is widely used to establish baseline severity and monitor treatment response. |
| YMRS | Young Mania Rating Scale: A clinician-rated instrument assessing the severity of manic symptoms such as elevated mood, increased activity, reduced sleep, irritability, and disruptive behavior. It is used in bipolar treatment and research. |
| YSR | Youth Self-Report: A standardized questionnaire in the Achenbach assessment system through which young people report emotional, behavioral, social, and competence concerns. It is interpreted alongside caregiver, teacher, and clinical information. |