This glossary covers the operational, agronomic, risk-management, conservation, regulatory, financial, and cooperative terminology commonly encountered in the Agriculture & Food sector’s Row-crop Producers & Cooperatives Practice. It helps producers, cooperative leaders, advisers, lenders, and other stakeholders interpret specialized language used in field operations, farm programs, crop insurance, and governance.
A B C D E F G H I L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y
| A | |
| ACA | Agricultural Credit Association: A Farm Credit System lending institution authorized to provide both short- and intermediate-term credit and long-term real-estate financing to eligible agricultural borrowers. |
| ACB | Agricultural Credit Bank: A Farm Credit System wholesale bank that funds affiliated associations and may provide financing for agricultural exports, rural utilities, and other eligible activities. |
| ACEP | Agricultural Conservation Easement Program: A USDA program that supports agricultural land easements and wetland reserve easements, helping producers conserve working land and restore wetlands. |
| AEWR | Adverse Effect Wage Rate: The minimum wage rate generally required for workers employed under the H-2A program, making it a central labor-cost and compliance consideration for participating farms. |
| AFBF | American Farm Bureau Federation: A national agricultural membership organization that represents farmers and ranchers on farm policy, taxation, labor, trade, environmental regulation, and rural issues. |
| AGI | Adjusted Gross Income: A tax-based income measure used in determining eligibility and payment limitations for various USDA commodity, conservation, and disaster-assistance programs. |
| AIP | Approved Insurance Provider: A private insurance company authorized to sell and service federally reinsured crop insurance policies under agreements with the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation. |
| APH | Actual Production History: A producer’s verified historical yield record used to establish an approved yield and calculate coverage guarantees for many crop insurance policies. |
| ARC | Agriculture Risk Coverage: A USDA commodity program that provides payments when benchmark revenue for an eligible covered commodity falls below a statutory guarantee. |
| ARC-CO | Agriculture Risk Coverage–County: The county-based form of revenue protection, with payments determined from county yields and national marketing-year average prices rather than an individual farm’s results. |
| ARC-IC | Agriculture Risk Coverage–Individual: The farm-level form of revenue protection, calculated using the combined experience of all covered commodities on the producer’s enrolled farm unit. |
| ARPI | Area Risk Protection Insurance: A crop insurance plan based on county-level revenue or yield outcomes rather than the individual producer’s production experience. |
| ASA | American Soybean Association: A national producer organization representing soybean growers on policy, trade, transportation, technology, conservation, and market-access issues. |
| ATR | Asset Turnover Ratio: A financial-efficiency measure comparing farm revenue with average farm assets to show how effectively the asset base generates income. |
| AWC | Available Water Capacity: The amount of water a soil can store between field capacity and permanent wilting point, used in irrigation scheduling and drought-risk assessment. |
| B | |
| B&I | Business and Industry Loan Guarantees: A USDA Rural Development program that guarantees qualifying private loans to rural businesses, including eligible agricultural cooperatives and processing ventures. |
| BFR | Beginning Farmer or Rancher: A USDA eligibility category generally covering operators with limited years of farm management experience and used for targeted lending, conservation, and program provisions. |
| BMP | Best Management Practice: A recommended production or conservation method designed to achieve operational goals while limiting soil loss, nutrient movement, pesticide risk, or other environmental impacts. |
| BU | Basic Unit: A crop insurance unit generally formed from all insurable acreage of one crop in a county under the same ownership structure, subject to policy rules. |
| C | |
| CAT | Catastrophic Risk Protection Endorsement: The minimum federally subsidized crop insurance coverage level, generally protecting 50% of approved yield at 55% of the established price. |
| CCA | Certified Crop Adviser: A professional credential for advisers who meet standards in crop, soil, nutrient, water, and pest management and maintain continuing education. |
| CCC | Commodity Credit Corporation: A federal government corporation within USDA that finances commodity, conservation, export, and farm-support programs, including marketing assistance loans and certain program payments. |
| CDL | Commercial Driver’s License: A license required for operating specified commercial vehicles, subject to agricultural exemptions and state and federal rules relevant to hauling crops and farm supplies. |
| CEAP | Conservation Effects Assessment Project: A USDA initiative that evaluates the environmental effects of conservation practices and informs program design, watershed planning, and producer recommendations. |
| CEC | Cation Exchange Capacity: A measure of soil’s capacity to retain positively charged nutrients, helping inform nutrient-management decisions and interpretation of soil tests. |
| CIG | Conservation Innovation Grants: Competitive USDA grants supporting the development and field testing of innovative conservation approaches, technologies, and market mechanisms on working lands. |
| CLU | Common Land Unit: A geospatial representation of the smallest land area with a permanent contiguous boundary and common management, used in USDA acreage reporting and program administration. |
| CMV | Commercial Motor Vehicle: A vehicle meeting regulatory size, weight, passenger, or hazardous-material criteria that may trigger licensing, inspection, and hours-of-service obligations during agricultural hauling. |
| COP | Cost of Production: The total operating and ownership cost incurred to produce a crop, commonly expressed per acre or unit of output for budgeting and break-even analysis. |
| CREP | Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program: A federal-state partnership that uses targeted Conservation Reserve Program contracts and incentives to address priority water, soil, and habitat concerns. |
| CRP | Conservation Reserve Program: A USDA program that pays participants to establish long-term conservation cover on eligible environmentally sensitive agricultural land. |
| CSA | Climate-Smart Agriculture: Production and conservation approaches intended to improve resilience and productivity while reducing or sequestering greenhouse gas emissions where feasible. |
| CSP | Conservation Stewardship Program: A USDA program that rewards producers for maintaining existing conservation performance and adopting additional practices across an agricultural operation. |
| CTA | Conservation Technical Assistance: USDA planning and technical support that helps land managers assess resource concerns, develop conservation plans, and implement appropriate practices. |
| CWA | Clean Water Act: The principal federal statute governing discharges to waters of the United States, including permitting and water-quality provisions that may affect farm operations. |
| D | |
| DAE | Days After Emergence: A crop-development timing reference used to schedule scouting, evaluate stand establishment, and compare field observations after seedlings emerge. |
| DAP | Days After Planting: An operational timing measure used to track emergence, crop development, field treatments, and trial observations from the planting date. |
| DOL | Department of Labor: The federal department responsible for wage, hour, workplace, and temporary agricultural labor rules affecting farm employers and labor contractors. |
| DPAD | Domestic Production Activities Deduction: A deduction available under current tax rules to qualifying agricultural or horticultural cooperatives, some of which may be passed through to eligible patrons. |
| DSCR | Debt Service Coverage Ratio: A lending measure comparing cash available for debt payments with required principal and interest, indicating an operation’s repayment capacity. |
| E | |
| EC | Electrical Conductivity: A measure used to assess soil or irrigation-water salinity, which can influence germination, nutrient availability, crop growth, and yield potential. |
| ECO | Enhanced Coverage Option: A county-based crop insurance endorsement that protects a portion of losses above the coverage level available through traditional underlying policies. |
| ECP | Emergency Conservation Program: A USDA program providing cost-share assistance to rehabilitate farmland damaged by natural disasters and implement emergency water-conservation measures during severe drought. |
| EIL | Economic Injury Level: The pest population density at which expected crop damage equals the cost of control, providing the economic basis for intervention decisions. |
| EPA | Environmental Protection Agency: The federal agency responsible for pesticide registration and major air, water, waste, and chemical regulations that can affect agricultural operations. |
| EQIP | Environmental Quality Incentives Program: A USDA program providing financial and technical assistance for conservation practices that address soil, water, air, habitat, and energy resource concerns. |
| ERP | Emergency Relief Program: A USDA disaster-assistance program providing payments for eligible crop losses associated with designated natural disasters, often using crop insurance data. |
| ERS | Economic Research Service: A USDA agency that produces analysis on farm income, production costs, commodity markets, trade, conservation, and the financial condition of agriculture. |
| ESA | Endangered Species Act: A federal law protecting threatened and endangered species and their habitats, with implications for land management and location-specific pesticide restrictions. |
| ET | Economic Threshold: The pest density at which control action should be taken to prevent a population from reaching the economic injury level. |
| ET | Evapotranspiration: The combined loss of water through soil evaporation and plant transpiration, used to estimate crop water demand and schedule irrigation. |
| ETc | Crop Evapotranspiration: Estimated water use by a specific crop under defined growth and field conditions, commonly calculated from reference evapotranspiration and a crop coefficient. |
| ETo | Reference Evapotranspiration: Atmospheric evaporative demand calculated for a standardized reference surface and used as the baseline for estimating crop-specific water requirements. |
| EU | Enterprise Unit: A crop insurance unit combining eligible acreage of one insured crop within a county, often providing premium advantages through geographic diversification. |
| F | |
| FCA | Farm Credit Administration: The independent federal agency that regulates and examines Farm Credit System banks, associations, and related entities. |
| FCB | Farm Credit Bank: A wholesale funding institution that raises capital and provides loan funds and services to affiliated Farm Credit associations. |
| FCIC | Federal Crop Insurance Corporation: The government corporation that administers the federal crop insurance program through the Risk Management Agency and approved private insurers. |
| FCS | Farm Credit System: A nationwide network of borrower-owned cooperative institutions providing credit and financial services to agriculture and rural America. |
| FFSC | Farm Financial Standards Council: A professional organization that develops standardized farm accounting terminology, financial statements, and performance measures used by producers, advisers, and lenders. |
| FIFRA | Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act: The federal statute governing pesticide registration, labeling, distribution, sale, and use, making label compliance legally binding for applicators. |
| FLCA | Federal Land Credit Association: A Farm Credit System association authorized to originate and service long-term agricultural real-estate and rural-property loans. |
| FLSA | Fair Labor Standards Act: The federal wage-and-hour law establishing minimum wage, overtime, recordkeeping, and child-labor rules, including specific agricultural exemptions and provisions. |
| FMCSA | Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration: The federal agency regulating commercial motor-carrier safety, including licensing, vehicle, and hours-of-service requirements relevant to agricultural hauling. |
| FSA | Farm Service Agency: The USDA agency that administers commodity, disaster, conservation, farm-loan, and acreage-reporting programs through state and county offices. |
| G | |
| GDD | Growing Degree Days: Accumulated heat units calculated from daily temperatures and a crop-specific base temperature to estimate development and maturity. |
| GDU | Growing Degree Units: Heat-unit measurements used particularly in corn production to track phenological progress and compare hybrid maturity requirements. |
| GHG | Greenhouse Gas: A heat-trapping atmospheric gas, such as carbon dioxide, methane, or nitrous oxide, considered in agricultural emissions inventories and conservation programs. |
| H | |
| H-2A | H-2A Temporary Agricultural Workers Program: A federal program allowing qualifying agricultural employers to hire foreign workers for temporary or seasonal jobs when sufficient domestic labor is unavailable. |
| HCS | Hazard Communication Standard: An OSHA standard requiring employers to classify chemical hazards and provide labels, safety data sheets, training, and a written communication program. |
| HEL | Highly Erodible Land: Cropland classified as having substantial erosion risk, triggering conservation-compliance requirements for eligibility for certain USDA benefits. |
| HELC | Highly Erodible Land Conservation: Federal conservation-compliance provisions requiring approved systems on designated land as a condition of receiving specified USDA program benefits. |
| HOS | Hours of Service: Federal limits on commercial driving and required rest periods, with agricultural exemptions that depend on the commodity, distance, season, and operating conditions. |
| I | |
| ICA | International Cooperative Alliance: A global cooperative organization that maintains widely recognized cooperative values and principles used as reference points for member ownership and governance. |
| IPM | Integrated Pest Management: A decision framework combining monitoring and biological, cultural, mechanical, and chemical controls to manage pests economically while reducing unnecessary risk. |
| IRC | Internal Revenue Code: The body of federal tax law containing provisions important to agricultural cooperatives and patrons, including Subchapter T and Section 199A. |
| L | |
| LAI | Leaf Area Index: The ratio of one-sided leaf area to ground area, used to evaluate canopy development, light interception, crop growth, and yield formation. |
| LDP | Loan Deficiency Payment: A commodity-program payment available when the posted repayment rate is below the applicable loan rate and the producer forgoes a marketing assistance loan. |
| M | |
| MAD | Management Allowable Depletion: The selected percentage of available soil water that may be depleted before irrigation is initiated to avoid unacceptable crop stress. |
| MAL | Marketing Assistance Loan: A nonrecourse USDA loan using an eligible harvested commodity as collateral, providing short-term liquidity and a marketing alternative after harvest. |
| MLG | Marketing Loan Gain: The benefit realized when an eligible commodity loan is repaid at a rate below the original loan principal, subject to program rules. |
| MP | Margin Protection: An area-based crop insurance plan protecting against an unexpected decline in county-level operating margin caused by lower revenue or higher selected input prices. |
| MPCI | Multiple Peril Crop Insurance: A broad term for federally reinsured policies covering yield or revenue losses from specified natural causes rather than a single named peril. |
| MRBI | Mississippi River Basin Healthy Watersheds Initiative: A USDA conservation initiative targeting nutrient loss, water quality, and habitat concerns in priority watersheds within the Mississippi River Basin. |
| MSPA | Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act: A federal law establishing disclosure, wage, housing, transportation, recordkeeping, and registration protections for covered agricultural workers. |
| N | |
| NACD | National Association of Conservation Districts: A national organization representing local conservation districts that work with producers on voluntary soil, water, and natural-resource management. |
| NASDA | National Association of State Departments of Agriculture: An association representing state agricultural agencies on regulation, pesticide programs, food systems, conservation, trade, and federal-state policy implementation. |
| NASS | National Agricultural Statistics Service: The USDA agency that publishes crop acreage, yield, production, price, farm-labor, and financial statistics used in planning and market analysis. |
| NAWG | National Association of Wheat Growers: A federation representing wheat producers on farm policy, crop insurance, conservation, research, transportation, and trade. |
| NCBA | National Cooperative Business Association: A national membership organization that supports cooperative development, education, advocacy, and application of cooperative principles across sectors. |
| NCC | National Cotton Council of America: An industry organization representing cotton producers and other segments of the cotton supply chain on policy, trade, research, and market issues. |
| NCFC | National Council of Farmer Cooperatives: A trade association representing farmer-owned cooperatives on taxation, antitrust, labor, transportation, environmental, and agricultural policy. |
| NCGA | National Corn Growers Association: A producer organization representing corn growers on policy, conservation, crop insurance, trade, transportation, and demand development. |
| NFI | Net Farm Income: A comprehensive measure of farm-sector or farm-business earnings after production expenses, accounting for inventory changes and noncash items as applicable. |
| NFIFO | Net Farm Income from Operations: Farm operating revenue minus operating expenses, adjusted for inventory changes and depreciation, before gains or losses from selling capital assets. |
| NFU | National Farmers Union: A general farm organization advocating on commodity policy, competition, cooperative enterprise, conservation, trade, and rural economic issues. |
| NHEL | Non-Highly Erodible Land: A USDA land classification indicating that a field does not meet the statutory criteria for highly erodible land, as documented in conservation determinations. |
| NIFA | National Institute of Food and Agriculture: The USDA agency supporting agricultural research, education, and extension programs that translate scientific knowledge into producer and rural-community applications. |
| NOP | National Organic Program: The USDA regulatory program that establishes organic production, handling, certification, labeling, and accreditation requirements. |
| NPDES | National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System: The Clean Water Act permitting system governing point-source discharges, including certain agricultural stormwater, pesticide, and operational discharges where applicable. |
| NRCS | Natural Resources Conservation Service: The USDA agency providing conservation planning, technical standards, soil information, and financial-assistance programs for agricultural lands. |
| NSP | National Sorghum Producers: A producer organization representing sorghum growers on commodity policy, research, conservation, crop insurance, trade, and market development. |
| NUE | Nitrogen Use Efficiency: A measure of how effectively a crop or production system converts available nitrogen into harvested output, informing agronomic and environmental performance. |
| NWQI | National Water Quality Initiative: A targeted USDA initiative that concentrates conservation assistance in priority watersheds and source-water areas to reduce agricultural water-quality impacts. |
| O | |
| OFI | Other Financing Institution: A qualifying lender that can obtain Farm Credit System funding through an established relationship, expanding agricultural credit delivery beyond direct associations. |
| OPMR | Operating Profit Margin Ratio: A farm profitability measure showing operating profit as a share of gross revenue after accounting for operating costs and the value of unpaid labor and management. |
| OSHA | Occupational Safety and Health Administration: The federal agency responsible for workplace safety and health standards, inspections, enforcement, and guidance, subject to agricultural coverage rules and exemptions. |
| OSP | Organic System Plan: The documented production and recordkeeping plan an organic operation submits to its certifying agent to demonstrate compliance with federal organic standards. |
| P | |
| PACE | Post-Application Coverage Endorsement: A crop insurance endorsement for eligible corn acreage that covers specified losses when weather prevents a planned post-application of nitrogen. |
| PAW | Plant-Available Water: Water held in the crop root zone that plants can extract, commonly estimated from soil water content relative to field capacity and wilting point. |
| PCA | Production Credit Association: A Farm Credit System association traditionally focused on short- and intermediate-term operating, equipment, and livestock loans for eligible agricultural borrowers. |
| PHI | Preharvest Interval: The minimum time required between a pesticide application and harvest, as specified on the product label to manage residue and safety risks. |
| PLC | Price Loss Coverage: A USDA commodity program that provides payments when the national marketing-year average price for a covered commodity falls below its effective reference price. |
| PP | Prevented Planting: Crop insurance coverage that may provide a payment when an insured cause of loss prevents planting during the designated planting period. |
| PPE | Personal Protective Equipment: Clothing and equipment used to reduce worker exposure to chemical, physical, and mechanical hazards, including items mandated by pesticide labels. |
| PURPIM | Per-Unit Retain Paid in Money: A cooperative payment based on the quantity or value of products marketed for a patron, with specific tax treatment under cooperative taxation rules. |
| PWP | Permanent Wilting Point: The soil water content below which plants cannot recover adequate turgor, defining the lower boundary of plant-available water. |
| Q | |
| QA | Quality Adjustment: A crop insurance procedure that reduces production to count when harvested output fails specified quality standards because of an insured cause of loss. |
| QBI | Qualified Business Income: Eligible income considered in calculating the federal Section 199A deduction, with special computational rules for farmers receiving payments from cooperatives. |
| QL | Quality Loss Option: A crop insurance option that can replace certain quality-adjusted yields in the production history when qualifying quality losses occur. |
| R | |
| RBCS | Rural Business-Cooperative Service: The USDA agency that administers business, cooperative-development, value-added, renewable-energy, and rural economic-development assistance programs. |
| RCDG | Rural Cooperative Development Grant: A USDA grant program supporting centers that provide technical assistance for establishing, expanding, and improving rural cooperatives and mutually owned businesses. |
| RCPP | Regional Conservation Partnership Program: A USDA program that combines partner resources with conservation funding to address natural-resource priorities through producer contracts and watershed-scale projects. |
| RD | Rural Development: The USDA mission area administering loan, grant, guarantee, cooperative, energy, housing, utility, and community-development programs in rural areas. |
| REAP | Rural Energy for America Program: A USDA program offering grants and guaranteed financing for eligible renewable-energy systems and energy-efficiency improvements at farms and rural small businesses. |
| REI | Restricted-Entry Interval: The period after a pesticide application during which entry into the treated area is limited unless label-specified protections and exceptions apply. |
| RMA | Risk Management Agency: The USDA agency that manages the federal crop insurance program, approves policy provisions and rates, and oversees participating private insurers. |
| ROA | Return on Assets: A profitability measure showing the return generated by the farm’s asset base, independent of how those assets are financed. |
| ROE | Return on Equity: A profitability measure comparing the return to owners with average farm equity, reflecting both operating performance and financial leverage. |
| RP | Revenue Protection: A crop insurance plan protecting against revenue loss caused by reduced yield, price decline, or both, with the guarantee generally reflecting the higher of projected or harvest price. |
| RP-HPE | Revenue Protection with Harvest Price Exclusion: A revenue policy that covers yield and price losses but does not increase the insurance guarantee when the harvest price exceeds the projected price. |
| RUP | Restricted Use Pesticide: A pesticide limited to application by, or under the direct supervision of, a certified applicator because of potential adverse effects. |
| RUSLE2 | Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, Version 2: A conservation-planning model used to estimate sheet and rill erosion under different soils, slopes, crop rotations, tillage systems, and management practices. |
| S | |
| SCO | Supplemental Coverage Option: A county-based crop insurance endorsement covering part of the deductible range on an underlying policy, subject to commodity-program eligibility rules. |
| SDS | Safety Data Sheet: A standardized document describing a chemical’s hazards, safe handling, storage, exposure controls, emergency measures, and disposal considerations. |
| SOC | Soil Organic Carbon: The carbon component of soil organic matter, monitored as an indicator of soil condition and in some conservation and environmental-market programs. |
| SOM | Soil Organic Matter: Plant, animal, and microbial material in various stages of decomposition that influences aggregation, nutrient cycling, biological activity, and water-holding capacity. |
| SPCC | Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure: Federal oil-spill prevention requirements that may require qualifying farms with aboveground or underground oil storage to maintain and implement a written plan. |
| STAX | Stacked Income Protection Plan: An area-based revenue insurance product for upland cotton that can operate alone or alongside an underlying individual policy. |
| SWCD | Soil and Water Conservation District: A locally governed entity that coordinates technical assistance, conservation planning, education, and implementation of soil and water projects. |
| T | |
| TA-APH | Trend-Adjusted Actual Production History: A crop insurance option that adjusts qualifying historical yields to reflect estimated long-term county yield trends when establishing the approved yield. |
| TDCLCR | Term Debt and Capital Lease Coverage Ratio: A farm repayment-capacity measure comparing funds available for scheduled term-debt and lease payments with the amount due. |
| TMDL | Total Maximum Daily Load: A regulatory calculation of the maximum pollutant load a waterbody can receive while meeting water-quality standards, often shaping watershed conservation priorities. |
| TSP | Technical Service Provider: A certified private individual or business authorized to provide specified conservation planning, design, installation, or verification services for USDA programs. |
| U | |
| UCC | Uniform Commercial Code: A body of state commercial law governing secured transactions, including liens and security interests in crops, inventories, equipment, and cooperative receivables. |
| USB | United Soybean Board: The farmer-led national body overseeing investment of soybean checkoff funds in research, market development, sustainability, and education. |
| USDA | U.S. Department of Agriculture: The federal department responsible for farm programs, crop insurance, conservation, agricultural statistics, rural development, research, and numerous producer regulations and services. |
| USDOT | U.S. Department of Transportation: The federal department overseeing transportation safety and commerce, including motor-carrier requirements that may apply to farm and cooperative trucking operations. |
| USGC | U.S. Grains Council: A market-development organization working to expand international demand for U.S. barley, corn, sorghum, and related products. |
| USW | U.S. Wheat Associates: A producer-supported organization that develops overseas markets and provides trade and technical assistance for U.S. wheat. |
| V | |
| VAPG | Value-Added Producer Grant: A USDA program providing planning or working-capital grants to eligible producers and producer groups developing value-added agricultural products and markets. |
| W | |
| WC | Wetland Conservation: Federal conservation-compliance provisions that can restrict drainage or conversion of wetlands when a producer receives specified USDA benefits. |
| WC | Working Capital: Current assets minus current liabilities, indicating the liquid financial cushion available to fund crop inputs, operating expenses, and near-term obligations. |
| WFRP | Whole-Farm Revenue Protection: A crop insurance policy covering revenue across an entire diversified farm rather than insuring each commodity solely through separate policies. |
| WOTUS | Waters of the United States: The jurisdictional term defining which waters and wetlands are federally regulated under the Clean Water Act. |
| WPS | Worker Protection Standard: An EPA regulation designed to reduce agricultural worker and handler exposure to pesticides through training, notification, restricted-entry, decontamination, and protective-equipment requirements. |
| WRE | Wetland Reserve Easement: A component of the Agricultural Conservation Easement Program that helps landowners restore, protect, and enhance wetlands through permanent or long-term easements. |
| WUE | Water Use Efficiency: A measure relating crop output or biomass to water used, applied when evaluating irrigation management, drought performance, and production-system efficiency. |
| Y | |
| YA | Yield Adjustment: A crop insurance option allowing a specified percentage of the transitional yield to replace an unusually low actual yield in the production history. |
| YC | Yield Cup: A crop insurance provision limiting how much an approved yield can decline from the prior year under qualifying circumstances. |
| YE | Yield Exclusion: A crop insurance option permitting qualifying low county-year yields to be excluded from a producer’s actual production history calculation. |
| YP | Yield Protection: A crop insurance plan covering production losses relative to the insured yield guarantee, with indemnities valued using the projected price. |